An orchid in the land of technology …Lithography… …permitted graphic art for the first time to put its products on the market, not only in large numbers as hitherto, but also in daily changing forms. Lithography enabled graphic art to illustrate everyday life, and it began to keep pace with printing… …But only a few decades after its invention, lithography was surpassed by photography… …Even the most perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking in one element: it s presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to be… …The presence of the original is the prerequisite to the concept of authenticity… …technical reproduction can put the copy of the original into situations which would be out of reach for the original itself… …The concept of aura which was proposed above with reference to historical objects may usefully be illustrated with reference to the aura of natural ones… …The uniqueness of a work of art is inseparable from its being imbedded in the fabric of tradition… …were equ ally confronted with its uniqueness, that is, its aura… …the instant the criterion of authenticity ceases to be applicable to artistic production, the total function of art — politics. is reversed… …With the different methods of technical reproduction of a work of art, its fitness for exhibition increased to such an extent that the quantitative shift between its two poles turned into a qualitative transformation of its nature… …For aura is tied to his presence; there can be no replica of it… …The equipmentfree aspect of reality here has become the height of artifice; the sight of immediate reality has become an orchid in the land of technology… excerpts from The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction by Walter Benjamin